analog circuit design lecture videos

Real Analog - Circuits 1

"Real Analog" is a comprehensive collection of free educational materials that seamlessly blend hands-on design projects with theoretical concepts and circuit analysis techniques. Developed for university "Circuits" classes by practicing engineers and experienced educators, Real Analog is centered on a newly-written 12-chapter textbook and features:

More than 40 video lectures that follow the text, each with downloadable lecture notes
Exercises designed to reinforce textbook and lecture topics
Homework assignments for every chapter
Multiple design projects that reinforce and extend theoretical concepts
Worksheets and videos to help students complete design projects outside of the lab.

Design projects use Digilent's Analog Discovery and Analog Parts Kit that together include everything needed to build and test a wide variety of analog circuits - the Analog Discovery includes a dual-channel oscilloscope, waveform generator, power supplies, digital I/O channels and more, and the Analog Parts Kit includes a breadboard, jumper wires, more than 20 integrated circuits from Analog Devices, and a wide variety of sensors, resistors, capacitors, discrete semiconductors, and other components.

Real Analog, the Analog Discovery and Analog Parts Kit form the core of a world-class engineering educational program that can be used by themselves or in support of existing curricular materials. Students with their own design kits learn more, learn faster, retain information longer, and have a more enjoyable experience - now every student can take charge of their education for less than the cost of a textbook!

Note: To see the previous version of Circuits 1 for the Electronics Explorer, click here.

Chapter 1: Circuit Analysis Fundamentals



Chapter 1 text		In this chapter, we introduce all fundamental concepts associated with circuit analysis. Electrical circuits are constructed in order to direct the flow of electrons to perform a specific task. In other words, in circuit analysis and design, we are concerned with transferring electrical energy in order to accomplish a desired objective.

Lecture 1 video	Lecture 1 slides	Course overview, basic circuit parameters, passive sign convention
Lecture 2 video	Lecture 2 slides	Power generation & absorption, power sources, resistance
Lecture 3 video	Lecture 3 slides	Review, Kirchoff's current law, Kirchoff's voltage law
Lecture 4 video	Lecture 4 slides	Circuit analysis examples, series & parallel circuit elements

Lab 1 video 1		DMM Usage: Measuring voltage, current, and resistance using a hand-held digital multimeter. Using breadboards to implement circuits
Lab 1 video 2		Resistors 1: Physical resistors. Nominal resistance values from color codes. Resistance measurement using ohmeters or measured voltage and current.
Lab 1 video 3		Dependent Sources: MOSFETs and BJTs as dependent sources.
Lab 1 video 4		Applications: Concept applications: dusk-to-dawn light and temperature measurement.
Lab 1.1	1.1 worksheet	Solderless Breadboards, Open-circuits and Short-circuits
Lab 1.2.1	1.2.1 worksheet	Independent Power Supplies, Ammeters, and Voltmeters
Lab 1.2.2	1.2.2 worksheet	Dependent Sources and MOSFETs
Lab 1.3.1	1.3.1 worksheet	Resistors and Ohms Law - Resistance Variations
Lab 1.3.2	1.3.2 worksheet	Resistors and Ohms Law - Voltage-Current Characteristics
Lab 1.4.1	1.4.1 worksheet	Dusk-to-Dawn Light
Lab 1.4.2	1.4.2 worksheet	Resistive Network Power Dissipation
Lab 1.4.3	1.4.3 worksheet	Input Resistance
Lab 1.4.4	1.4.4 worksheet	Temperature Measurement System

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 1 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 1 homework problems
Background 1		Background material for lab 1.4.4: Resistive Temperature Sensors

Chapter 2: Circuit Reduction



Chapter 2 text		In this chapter, we introduce analysis methods based on circuit reduction. Circuit reduction consists of combining resistances in a circuit to a smaller number of resistors, which are (in some sense) equivalent to the original resistive network. Reducing the number of resistors, of course, reduces the number of unknowns in a circuit.

Lecture 5 video	Lecture 5 slides	Circuit reduction
Lecture 6 video	Lecture 6 slides	Circuit reduction examples, practical application: temperature measurement

Lab 2 video 1		Potentiometers: Variable resistors
Lab 2 video 2		Resistors 2: Resistance of networks of resistors. Using time-varying voltage sources to plot voltage-current characteristics of resistors.
Lab 2 video 3		Non-ideal effects: Non-ideal voltage sources and voltage measurements. Analog Discovery power supply limitations.
Lab 2.1.1	2.1.1 worksheet	Temperature Measurement System
Lab 2.3.1	2.3.1 worksheet	Series and Parallel Resistances and Circuit Reduction
Lab 2.3.2	2.3.2 worksheet	Series and Parallel Resistances and Circuit Reduction
Lab 2.4	2.4 worksheet	Non-Ideal Power Sources
Lab 2.5	2.5 worksheet	Practical Voltage and Current Measurement

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 2 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 2 homework problems

Chapter 3: Nodal and Mesh Analysis



Chapter 3 text		In cases where circuit reduction is not feasible, approaches are still available to reduce the total number of unknowns in the system. Nodal analysis and mesh analysis are two of these.

Lecture 7 video	Lecture 7 slides	Overview of nodal & mesh analysis, nodal analysis
Lecture 8 video	Lecture 8 slides	Mesh analysis
Lecture 9 video	Lecture 9 slides	Constrained loops, additional mesh analysis examples

Lab 3 video		Nodal and Mesh Analysis: Analysis and implementation of circuits with multiple sources. Using multiple sources on the Analog Discovery to create sources outside its nominal +/- 5V range.
Lab 3.2.1	3.2.1 worksheet	Nodal Analysis
Lab 3.2.2	3.2.2 worksheet	Nodal Analysis
Lab 3.2.3	3.2.3 worksheet	Nodal Analysis
Lab 3.3.1	3.3.1 worksheet	Mesh Analysis
Lab 3.3.2	3.3.2 worksheet	Mesh Analysis
Lab 3.3.3	3.3.3 worksheet	Mesh Analysis

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 3 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 3 homework problems

Chapter 4: Systems and Network Theorems



Chapter 4 text		In this chapter, we introduce the concept of a systems level approach to circuit analysis. In this type of approach, we represent the circuit as a system with some inputs and outputs. We then characterize the system by the mathematical relationship between the system inputs and the system outputs. This relationship is called the input-output relation for the system.

Lecture 10 video	Lecture 10 slides	Linear systems and superposition, Thévenin and Norton's Theorems
Lecture 11 video	Lecture 11 slides	Thévenin and Norton's Theorems & examples, source transformations, maximum power transfer
Lecture 12a video	Lecture 12a slides	Derivation of maximum power transfer, Thévenin theorem examples, operational amplifiers

Lab 4 video 1		Superposition: Validation of superposition in cases of (a) multiple discrete sources, and (b) single sources with multiple components.
Lab 4 video 2		Two-Terminal Networks : Measuring voltage-current characteristics of two-terminal networks. Measurement techniques used are introduced in Resistors I and Resistors II videos.
Lab 4 video 3		Thevenin's theorem: Experimental validation of Thevenin's theorem. Measurement techniques used are introduced in Resistors I and Resistors II videos.
Lab 4.3.1	4.3.1 worksheet	Superposition
Lab 4.3.2	4.3.2 worksheet	Superposition
Lab 4.4.1	4.4.1 worksheet	Two-terminal Characteristics
Lab 4.5.1	4.5.1 worksheet	Thévenin's Theorem
Lab 4.6.1	4.6.1 worksheet	Maximum Power Transfer

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 4 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 4 homework problems

Chapter 5: Operational Amplifiers



Chapter 5 text		Operational amplifiers (commonly abbreviated as op-amps) are extremely useful electronic devices. Some argue, in fact, that operational amplifiers are the single most useful integrated circuit in analog circuit design. Operational amplifier-based circuits are commonly used for signal conditioning, performing mathematical operations, and buffering.

Lecture 12b video	Lecture 12b slides	Derivation of maximum power transfer, Thévenin theorem examples, operational amplifiers
Lecture 13 video	Lecture 13 slides	Operational amplifier examples, dependent Sources

Lab 5 video		Operational amplifiers: Constructing operational amplifier based circuits.
Lab 5.4.1	5.4.1 worksheet	Inverting Voltage Amplifier
Lab 5.4.2	5.4.2 worksheet	Summing Amplifier
Lab 5.4.3	5.4.3 worksheet	Non-inverting Voltage Amplifier
Lab 5.4.4	5.4.4 worksheet	Difference Amplifier
Lab 5.4.5	5.4.5 worksheet	Temperature Measurement System Design

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 5 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 5 homework problems

Chapter 6: Energy Storage Elements



Chapter 6 text		This chapter begins with an overview of the basic concepts associated with energy storage. This discussion focuses not on electrical systems, but instead introduces the topic qualitatively in the context of systems with which the reader is already familiar. The goal is to provide a basis for the mathematics, which will be introduced subsequently.

Lecture 14 video	Lecture 14 slides	Introduction to dynamic systems, basic time-varying signals
Lecture 15 video	Lecture 15 slides	Capacitors
Lecture 16a video	Lecture 16a slides	Inductors, introduction to first-order circuits, RC circuit natural response

Lab 6 video 1		Physical inductors and capacitors: Inductor and capacitor construction. Nominal capacitance and inductance values from part labels. Electrolytic capacitors.
Lab 6 video 2		Capacitor voltage-current relations: Measuring voltage-current relations for capacitors. Non-ideal effects: leakage currents.
Lab 6 video 3		Inductor V-C Relations: Measuring voltage-current relations for inductors. Non-ideal effects: inductor resistance.
Lab 6.2.1	6.2.1 worksheet	Time-varying Signals
Lab 6.3.1	6.3.1 worksheet	Capacitor Voltage-current Relations
Lab 6.3.2	6.3.2 worksheet	Leakage Currents and Electrolytic Capacitors
Lab 6.4.1	6.4.1 worksheet	Inductor Voltage-current Relations
Lab 6.4.2	6.4.2 worksheet	Non-ideal Inductor Effects

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 6 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 6 homework problems

Chapter 7: First Order Circuits



Chapter 7 text		First order systems are, by definition, systems whose input-output relationship is a first order differential equation. A first order differential equation contains a first order derivative but no derivative higher than first order - the order of a differential equation is the order of the highest order derivative present in the equation.

Lecture 16b video	Lecture 16b slides	Inductors, introduction to first-order circuits, RC circuit natural response
Lecture 17 video	Lecture 17 slides	RL circuit natural response, general first-order system natural response, first-order circuit examples
Lecture 18 video	Lecture 18 slides	Forced response of first-order circuits, active first-order system examples, step response of first-order circuits
Lecture 19 video	Lecture 19 slides	Steady-state response & DC gain, step response examples
Lecture 20a video	Lecture 20a slides	First-order circuit step response, introduction to second-order systems

Lab 7 video 1		RC Circuit Natural Response: We create an RC circuit natural response in two ways: by (1) converting the source to an open circuit and (2) converting the source to a short-circuit.
Lab 7 video 2		RC Circuit Forced Response: The step responses of both passive and active first-order RC circuits are measured. Loading effects on the two circuits are examined.
Lab 7.2.1	7.2.1 worksheet	Passive RC Circuit Natural Response
Lab 7.3.1	7.3.1 worksheet	Passive RL Circuit Natural Response
Lab 7.4.1	7.4.1 worksheet	Inverting Differentiator
Lab 7.5.1	7.5.1 worksheet	Passive RC Circuit Step Response
Lab 7.5.2	7.5.2 worksheet	Passive RL Circuit Step Response
Lab 7.5.3	7.5.3 worksheet	Active RC Circuit Step Response

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 7 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 7 homework problems

Chapter 8: Second Order Circuits



Chapter 8 text		Second order systems are, by definition, systems whose input-output relationship is a second order differential equation. A second order differential equation contains a second order derivative but no derivative higher than second order.

Lecture 20b video	Lecture 20b slides	First-order circuit step response, introduction to second-order systems
Lecture 21 video	Lecture 21 slides	Second-order circuit natural response, sinusoidal signals & complex exponentials
Lecture 22 video	Lecture 22 slides	Second-order system natural response, mathematical form of solutions, qualitative interpretation
Lecture 23 video	Lecture 23 slides	Second-order system step response, governing equation, mathematical expression, estimating step response, examples

Lab 8 video 1		Second Order Circuit Step Response: Measuring the step response of a series RLC circuit. The measured peak value of the response is compared to analytical expectations.
Lab 8.5.1	8.5.1 worksheet	Series RLC Circuit Step Response
Lab 8.5.2	8.5.2 worksheet	Parallel RLC Circuit Response
Lab 8.5.3	8.5.3 worksheet	RLC Circuit Response

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 8 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 8 homework problems

Chapter 9: Introduction to State Variable Models



Chapter 9 text		In this chapter, we will provide a very brief introduction to the topic of state variable modeling. The brief presentation provided here is intended simply to introduce the reader to the basic concepts of state variable models, since they are a natural - and relatively painless - extension of the analysis approach we have used in Chapters 7 and 8.

Lecture 24 video	Lecture 24 slides	Introduction to state-variable modeling, simulating system response using MATLAB®

Lab 9 video 1		State Variable Models: The step response of the state variables of a series RLC circuit are measured. The measurements are compared to the simulated response obtained by using MATLAB®.
Lab 9.3.1	9.3.1 worksheet	State Variable Model of Series RLC Circuits
Lab 9.3.2	9.3.2 worksheet	Second Order Circuit Response

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 9 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 9 homework problems

Chapter 10: Steady-state Sinusoidal Analysis



Chapter 10 text		In this chapter we will study dynamic systems which are subjected to sinusoidal forcing functions.

Lecture 25 video	Lecture 25 slides	Introduction to steady-state sinusoidal analysis, system response to complex units, phasor representation of sinusoids
Lecture 26 video	Lecture 26 slides	Phasor diagrams, phasor representations of circuit elements
Lecture 27 video	Lecture 27 slides	Impedance and admittance, steady-state sinusoidal analysis
Lecture 28 video	Lecture 28 slides	Frequency domain system characterization, frequency response

Lab 10 video 1		Measuring Gain & Phase: Measuring steady-state sinusoidal responses of circuits and estimating gain and phase differences between sinusoidal signals.
Lab 10 video 2		Impedance Measurement: Gain and phase measurement in terms of impedance.
Lab 10.4.1	10.4.1 worksheet	Impedance
Lab 10.6.1	10.6.1 worksheet	Passive RL Circuit Response
Lab 10.6.2	10.6.2 worksheet	Passive RC Circuit Response
Lab 10.6.3	10.6.3 worksheet	Inverting Voltage Amplifier
Lab 10.6.4	10.6.4 worksheet	Non-inverting Voltage Amplifier

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 10 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 10 homework problems

Chapter 11: Frequency Response and Filtering



Chapter 11 text		In this chapter we discuss representation of signals in terms of their frequency content. We will also represent the frequency content of the input and output signals and the frequency response of the system in graphical format. This leads us to think in terms of using a system to create a signal with a desired frequency content - this process is called filtering.

Lecture 29 video	Lecture 29 slides	Frequency response examples, frequency response plots & signal spectra, filters
Lecture 30 video	Lecture 30 slides	Checking frequency response results, time-to-frequency domain relations for first-order filters, Bode plots

Lab 11 video 1		Introduction to Frequency Response: Using frequency response to estimate a circuit's behavior. A low-pass filter is used as an example to filter noise out of a sinusoidal signal.
Lab 11 video 2		Practical Filters: Examples of low-pass filters are presented. The properties of passive vs. active filters are compared, especially relative to the effects of applying a "load" to the filter.
Lab 11 video 3		Bode Plots: Bode plots and their creation using the Analog Discovery Network Analyzer.
Lab 11.2.1	11.2.1 worksheet	Signals with Multiple Frequency Components
Lab 11.3.1	11.3.1 worksheet	Passive RL Filter
Lab 11.3.2	11.3.2 worksheet	Passive RC Filter
Lab 11.3.3	11.3.3 worksheet	Active Low Pass Filte
Lab 11.3.4	11.3.4 worksheet	Signal Conditioning - Audio Application
Lab 11.3.5	11.3.5 worksheet	Signal Conditioning - Vibration Measurement
Lab 11.4.1	11.4.1 worksheet	Passive Low Pass Filter
Lab 11.4.2	11.4.2 worksheet	Non-inverting Low Pass Filter
Lab 11.4.3	11.4.3 worksheet	Non-inverting Low Pass Filter

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 11 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 11 homework problems

Chapter 12: Steady-State Sinusoidal Power



Chapter 12 text		In this chapter we will address the issue of power transmission via sinusoidal (or AC) signals. This topic is extremely important, since the vast majority of power transmission in the world is performed using AC voltages and currents.

Lecture 31 video	Lecture 31 slides	Sinusoidal steady-state power, instantaneous & average power, reactive power, complex power, power factor
Lecture 32 video	Lecture 32 slides	Review: AC power analysis (average & complex power, power triangles, RMS values, power factor), power factor correction

Lab 12 video 1		AC Power & Power Factor: An example of the role of power factor in the transmission of AC power. Power factor correction is used to improve the efficiency of power transmission.
Lab 12.4.1		Apparent Power and Power Factor

Exercise Solutions		Chapter 12 exercise solutions
Homework		Chapter 12 homework problems